http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13555 2026-04-09T00:35:35Z 2026-04-09T00:35:35Z Kozioł, Ryszard http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13572 2025-02-26T14:28:10Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Samorządność wiejska i próby jej modernizacji w czasach pierwszej „Solidarności” Kozioł, Ryszard By the end of 1970s the villages’ self-governing system was very complicated. Its structure was made of several organizational forms which played different roles. Those institutions were divided into three main groups: the council of village inhabitants, agricultural council and cooperative council. After August 1980 breakthrough the attempts were made to modernize the system. An example of it was the resolution of the State Council from March 19th 1981 which gave more power to village inhabitants council, the draft law from March 23rd 1981 about the agricultural council, the new status of CZKiOR organization and other documents. However, the new law regulations and the proposals of reforms put forward by the then power centers were not accepted by the rural environment. In some places it resulted in radicalization of social moods. People accused the reforms of protecting bureaucratic business and wasting the opportunity to rebuild the authentic rural self-governing system. The later regulations, made in the atmosphere of martial law, which was characterized by too much belaying and legislative inconsistency, confirmed the validity of those accusations.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Chrobaczyńska-Plucińska, Edyta http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13571 2025-02-26T14:11:29Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Biogram jako kategoria „polityczności” – uwag kilka Chrobaczyńska-Plucińska, Edyta Political science doesn’t have such rich tradition of research made with the use of biographical method as e.g. sociology. Currently this method is being used more and more often by the researchers of social sciences in Western Europe countries. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the place and role of biography as a scientific source for political scientists. The basis for the article are biograms of Poles described in the four subsequent editions of the dictionary Who is Who in Poland (1984, 1989, 1993, 2001). The analysis includes comparing those biograms and answering the question of whether the information contained in them have changed, and what was the nature of this change. For this analysis comparative method was used. The studies clearly indicate the significant qualitative differences in the substantive content of the biographies, which confirms the need of verifying the biographical material over the years. Because of the necessity to maintain objective historical truth, it is especially important in countries undergoing the transition.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Karnowska, Danuta http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13570 2025-02-26T14:05:46Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Rozliczenie z PRL-em jako przesłanka budowy wspólnoty ekskluzywnej w perspektywie komunitarystycznej (w koncepcjach Prawa i Sprawiedliwości) Karnowska, Danuta The postulate of settling accounts with the Polish People’s Republic was supposed to serve the Law and Justice Party mainly as a building material for developing the exclusive community. The basic categories of such community include common good, specific tradition and practice that form the particularism of the community. By accusing the Polish People’s Republic of ideological denial of the society’s particularisms, politicians from the Law and Justice Party recognized the necessity of settling accounts with the pathologies of that period in the country’s functioning. It had mainly an ideological, moral dimension as well as realized the idea of social justice. In the case of the Law and Justice Party, it was also used as a marketing tool.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Żebrowski, Andrzej http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13569 2025-02-26T13:59:34Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Polskie służby specjalne w latach 1983–1996. Wybrane aspekty Żebrowski, Andrzej Secret services are the field of interest of various circles whose evaluation is not always objective. Familiarizing with the direction of the activities, the tasks realized by the services, the structures or operative and exploratory activities in practice is always difficult as these activities are protected by the country under the pain of legal sanctions. In the process of realizing its functions, each country establishes institutions whose purpose is to protect the information needs that are necessary to pursue the policy in the sphere of the internal and external security of the country. The institutions include, among others, secret services that carry out intelligence and counterintelligence missions. The presented structural changes that took place in the years 1983-1996 show the evolution of the civil and military intelligence and counterintelligence service. In the years 1983–1990 civil services, i.e. Department I (intelligence service) and Department II (counterintelligence service) belonged to the structure of the Ministry of Interior. Military services, on the other hand, such as the 2nd Directorate of the General Staff of Polish Armed Forces (intelligence) and the Internal Military Service (counterintelligence) belonged to the structure of the Ministry of National Defence. System changes initiated by the debates of the Roundtable in 1989 also translated into the reorganization of the secret services. In consequence of those activities, after the dissolution of the abovementioned services created were: the Office for State Protection and the Military Information Services. The enumerated services realized their tasks in a complex internal and external situation that had a considerable influence on the performed tasks, possessed qualifications in the area of the realized operative and exploratory activities, and the organizational structures.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z