http://hdl.handle.net/11716/8230 2026-04-19T11:18:22Z 2026-04-19T11:18:22Z Białota, Marek http://hdl.handle.net/11716/9648 2020-12-02T07:54:35Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

W kręgu psychoestetyki nowej sztuki. Ignacego Matuszewskiego interpretacja problemów wojny w Popiołach Żeromskiego Białota, Marek The problem of war in Popioły (Ashes) by Żeromski is characterized by multilateral vision, presented from different perspectives: the psychological, philosophical, ethical, political and sociological ones, interpreted by Ignacy Matuszewski with the psychoaesthetics of the new art key. He makes his interpretation even more profound with the metaphysical aspect of war, taken up by Żeromski mainly in the chapter Gnosis, as an everlasting struggle between good and evil. No one from among his contemporary literature critics and historians interpreted this war issues in such a wide spectrum, and at the same time so profoundly. It is mainly because war issues – as numerous works assert, from extreme militarists to fundamental pacifists – are exceptionally complex and polarize extreme estimations. Polarization of those appraisals goes even deeper because of the inter-subjective psychical predispositions, influenced by individual attitudes towards ethical norms, subjected to historical determinants and current political games. This sum of aspects was approached by Matuszewski analytically, admittedly not providing a full interpretational synthesis, but rather indicating crucial directions of further reflection focused on these issues in Żeromski’s novel, and also specifying the key ideological, psychological and aesthetical dominants of his writings. Dokument cyfrowy wytworzony, opracowany, opublikowany oraz finansowany w ramach programu "Społeczna Odpowiedzialność Nauki" - modułu "Wsparcie dla bibliotek naukowych" przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w projekcie nr rej. SONB/SP/465103/2020 pt. "Organizacja kolekcji czasopism naukowych w Repozytorium UP wraz z wykonaniem rekordów analitycznych".

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Kania, Marcin http://hdl.handle.net/11716/9647 2020-12-02T07:50:31Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

„Przyszłość” (1903) – dwutygodnik literacki krakowskich akademików Kania, Marcin The article discusses the history of revolt and decay of “The Future” – the paper of students of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The short existence of “The Future” (from March to June 1903) is also an encouragement to look at the biography of one of its founders – a forgotten writer and theatrical critic, Antoni Euzebiusz Balicki (1883–1956). Dokument cyfrowy wytworzony, opracowany, opublikowany oraz finansowany w ramach programu "Społeczna Odpowiedzialność Nauki" - modułu "Wsparcie dla bibliotek naukowych" przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w projekcie nr rej. SONB/SP/465103/2020 pt. "Organizacja kolekcji czasopism naukowych w Repozytorium UP wraz z wykonaniem rekordów analitycznych".

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Munk, Barbara http://hdl.handle.net/11716/9646 2020-12-02T07:47:07Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Motyw Judasza w literaturze polskiej przełomu XIX i XX wieku Munk, Barbara Biblical motifs were used in literature differently, depending on a period, trends in philosophy, views and formed models. For the generation of Young Poland artists, the Holy Bible was evidence of cultural continuity of humanity, and also of its ethical foundation. The Bible was reinterpreted, too. It became a source of religious topics, as well as their inversion or opposition. Two trends of biblical inspirations emerged. The first one is the trend of artistic experiments, innovative, arising from philosophical assumptions of the period. The second trend is conservative, perceiving the Bible as a religious support for everyone. “This first trend dominated modern, avant-garde and artistically ambitious literature, created by the most outstanding writers of the period: Kasprowicz, Wyspiański, Staff, Roztworowski. The second trend could be noticed in literary texts taking up religious issues in a more traditional and popular way, mostly by second-rate artists, going in for literary ‘illustration’ of biblical themes”. in literature. Those texts had influenced his depiction for centuries, and this image was unambiguously negative. The image of Judas – a sinner (a red-haired traitor with hooked chin, dressed in a yellow robe) was partly vindicated only in Modernism, whose range of interest involved controversial individuals. The following texts can be counted among the narrative prose of the turn of the 20th century featuring the motif of Judas: Legenda wigilijna (1889) and Sprawiedliwie (1899) by Władysław Reymont; Przeklęty (1902) by Andrzej Niemojewski; Zwycięzca (1910) by Jerzy Żuławski; Maria Magdalena (1912) by Gustaw Daniłowski; Maria z Magdali (1928) by Józef Jankowski; Nawracanie Judasza (1916) by Stefan Żeromski and Judaszowa wina (1918) by Maria Czeska-Mączyńska. Examples of lyrical prose are: Żywot Zbawiciela Pana Naszego Jezusa Chrystusa spisany wedle Czterech Ewangelii (1880) by Wincenty Popiel; Labirynt (1903) by Natalia Dzierżek; Zgon Judasza (1875) by Józef Grajnert; Mistrz z Nazaretu (1905) by Kajetan Wysłouch; Judasz (1907) by Włodzimierz Sulima Popiel, and anonymous Zdrada from 1925. Poetry works are: Judasz (1901) by Jan Kasprowicz; Ukrzyżowanie and Ostatnia Wieczerza by Stanisław Korab Brzozowski; Judasz (1901) by Władysław Bukowiński; Judasz (1903) by Artur Oppman; Judasz sonnets I, II (1902) by Kornel Makuszyński; Misterium Galilei (1920) by Ludwik Hieronim Morstin; Golgota (1922) by Antoni Waśkowski; Góra oliwna and Uwielbiam, Panie, Twe przebite ręce by Leopold Staff. The last type of texts is represented by the following dramas: Magdalena, czyli rozpacz i nadzieja (1861) by Krystyn Ostrowski; Jeremiasz Prorok (1892) by Michał Żmigrodzki; Maria z Magdali (1906) by Antoni Szandlerowski; Judasz z Kariothu (1913) by Karol Hubert Rostworowski and Judasz (1917) by Kazimierz Przerwa Tetmajer. The attempt to find the answer to the question “what kind of human Judas was?” seems to be the primal reason of choosing Judas as the main character in the majority of the texts. Why did he betray? What were his motives? How was he punished? The issue of guilt and punishment still remains the basic problem. There is a slight shift in looking at Judas, from the damned main character to a miserable man, entangled in his own weaknesses, confronted with the greatness of Jesus, a man that is deeply mortified at the same time, unable to bear his own fate. Judas is depicted in texts of Young Poland partly as a weak and tractable geezer, a cheater greedy for money and honour, and partly as a ruthless mythomaniac without scruple, characterized by strong and destructive personality, while in other texts this character becomes an erotic beast, which could turn out to be a devil incarnate, too. First of all, Young Poland’s Judas is an exponent of the period’s fears. His character provokes reflection on suffering, human free will, human morality and responsibility for deeds, inclination to sin and relation with God. Although Judas is still perceived as a traitor, his deed becomes an impulse to seek motives of this wicked deed, and to reflect on ethics. Modernism might not have managed to fully vindicate Judas, but it made him a multidimensional and tragic character. Over the centuries, Judas, the controversial Apostle, has become a figure of irredeemable sinner and traitor. It is highly probable that the historical Judas wouldn’t recognize himself in his cultural image, elaborately woven for twenty centuries. Dokument cyfrowy wytworzony, opracowany, opublikowany oraz finansowany w ramach programu "Społeczna Odpowiedzialność Nauki" - modułu "Wsparcie dla bibliotek naukowych" przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w projekcie nr rej. SONB/SP/465103/2020 pt. "Organizacja kolekcji czasopism naukowych w Repozytorium UP wraz z wykonaniem rekordów analitycznych".

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Rybicki, Jan http://hdl.handle.net/11716/9645 2020-12-02T07:43:19Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Policzmy Trylogię Sienkiewicza Rybicki, Jan This paper is an attempt to show how various countable features of a literary text – exemplified here by the trilogy of historical romances by Henryk Sienkiewicz – can be helpful in contrastive analyses between writings by two or more authors, writings by the same author, or even different fragments of the same text (volumes, chapters, characters’ individual languages). The simplest measures (leading to the simplest conclusions) include text size expressed in various units (number of words, sentences, paragraphs) and proportions in various modes of writing (e.g. dialogue vs. narration); somewhat more complex is the calculation and the evaluation of vocabulary richness (or lexical density) – the paper proposes Standardized Type/Token Ratio as the method exhibiting the least dependence on text size. At this point, the importance of calculating statistical significance is claimed. Distribution graphs are useful in presenting the trends in chapter length, which behave differently for different parts of the Trilogy. Sentence length is confronted with content; the longest sentences in Sienkiewicz’s masterpiece have been found to be connected with the political/military context. The sizes of individual characters’ parts in the dialogue might be found in interesting connection with the significance of each character in the story; in Sienkiewicz, feminine parts are markedly shorter than masculine. The same is true of vocabulary richness of these parts. The study of keywords (words statistically significantly more or less frequent in one text as compared with another text) also yields interesting information on Sienkiewicz’s writing technique. Most importantly, a repeated phenomenon has been observed: in all parts of the Trilogy, the initially infrequent lecz tends to gradually increase its occurrence at the expense of the generally more frequent ale. Dokument cyfrowy wytworzony, opracowany, opublikowany oraz finansowany w ramach programu "Społeczna Odpowiedzialność Nauki" - modułu "Wsparcie dla bibliotek naukowych" przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w projekcie nr rej. SONB/SP/465103/2020 pt. "Organizacja kolekcji czasopism naukowych w Repozytorium UP wraz z wykonaniem rekordów analitycznych".

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z