http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13014 2026-04-09T11:47:33Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13034 Postkomunistyczna lewica, to znaczy jaka? Godlewski, Tadeusz The first part of the article includes an analysis of the term: post-communist parties (postcommunists), used in political discourse in the 1990s and in the present decade as a pejorative designatum of the opponent, i.e. the parties: the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SdRP) and the Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD). More diverse were the intentions of the authors of the scientific and journalistic texts. The latter part of the present article indicates some of the indirect manifestations of the "post-communist" continuation of the Polish United Workers' Party in the analysis of the members and staff of the SLD. Discontinuity was pronounced in the erosion of ideology and programme evolution towards social liberalism until mid-200S. The "historical policy" of the Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc, PiS) in the middle of the current decade was also an ideological offensive in the area of the memory of the communist regime, in the face of which the SLD turned out to be defensive and ineffective. The final part of the text reports the manifestations of maintaining the historical traditions by the Democratic Left Alliance: the people, ideas, cutting-edge events. The conclusions highlight the political rivalry for control over the codes of historical memory. The memory of the past is seen as a viable segment of the policy in the present time, and part of the vision of the future in the medium and long term perspective. The term 'post-communist', as used in the title, has in this context been an instrument effectively used by the right wing in order to delegitimize the SLD in the last two decades. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13033 Modernizacja i regres w myśli liberałów w Polsce w latach 80. Karnowska, Danuta In the 1980s Poland saw the rise of the liberal trend of political thought represented by a different environments. Among the most important ones were: Krakow, Gdansk and Warsaw. The thoughts and activities of their representatives showed a clear tendency for the modernization of the country that was against the principles created by the opposition centered around the "Solidarity". The basic postulates concerning the direction of the modernization included primarily economic transformation towards the free market, considering that by introducing free market principles it is possible to educate the society in democratic rules and procedures. At the same time, the creation and the activities of the "Solidarity" were considered a sign of decline by the liberal circles as, according to the liberals, the postulates of that organization denied the possibility of the country getting out of the crisis and of development. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13032 Jaka pamięć Polski Ludowej jest nam potrzebna? Stobiecki, Rafał Collective memory is never monolithic; through its involvement in culture, numerous relations to the present, it is a conglomerate of different types of beliefs, sometimes mutually complementary, sometimes conflicting. Such is also the case of the memory of the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL). The aim of this paper is critical analysis of the two forms of memory of the PRL that are dominant in public discourse. One is called by the author „accusing memory” while the other is „nostalgic-ironic memory”. Each has its particular characteristics, reflected in its characteristic language and symbols, each refers to a different axiology and tries to conceptualize the main threads of the memory of the People’s Republic of Poland in a different way and, finally, each is addressed to a different audience. Since both memory formulas have their limitations, raise doubts and do not allow for sufficient „taming” „working”, „overcoming” that historical experience of the People’s Republic of Poland that several generations of Poles had to face, the author proposes a different concept of memory in their place: „conciliatory memory”. It is based on the idea of intergenerational dialogue, gives an opportunity to „depoliticize” the past and a possibility to include various perspectives in the creation of the proposed, multi-dimensional image of the People’s Republic of Poland. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13031 PRL – historyczna zapaść czy złożona rzeczywistość? Współczesne debaty Magierska, Anna Talking about the People’s Republic of Poland requires special precautions. It is necessary to be aware of conditions that hinder the formulation of answers to questions important for the assessment of the past. One should note, among others, the following issues: sovereignty or occupation, an alternative to the seizure of power by the communists, the postwar revolution, economic changes, the nature of the system (socialist or totalitarian), transformation of society. Talking about the past on scientific grounds is also complicated by the use of imprecise terminology (e.g. frequent identification of real socialism with communism). Making attempts to balance the PRL is also a result of entanglement of history in politics. The desire to reduce history to a source of arguments for current policy decisions, or a lack of clarity about whether it is also the duty of historians to judge the past, push the main task – the task of explanation – to the background. Further difficulties arise from frequently different value systems of the disputants. Generally, there are two approaches: recognition of the period of the People’s Republic of Poland as permanent regression or assuming that – irrespective of the system – that period left something of value that needs to be described and assessed in a fair way. It is, for example, worth seeing how – from the perspective of the changes taking place after 1989 – people assessed the PRL and how the socio-economic reforms gained people’s understanding, coincided with their beliefs, their value system, which was after all to a large extent shaped in those years. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z