http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13350 2026-05-02T02:59:31Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13367 Kraków w polityce księcia Władysława Opolczyka Sperka, Jerzy Vladislaus of Opole (1326/1330–1401), a representative of the Upper Silesian line of the Piast dynasty, played an important role in the history of a few countries in the central and eastern Europe. He was certainly one of the most skillful monarchs in the second half of the 14th century. He owed his career not only to his skills but also to the protection of the Hungarian court. On all lands that he ruled, starting from Hungary, through Red Ruthenia, the land of Wieluń, the land of Dobrzyń, Kujawy, to the inherited Duchy of Opole, he was known as a great landlord and organizer. Due to the fact that he was assigned numerous tasks by the king’s court and he ruled on lands that were part of the Kingdom of Poland, and for a short period of time also in the kingdom itself as a regent (1377/1378), Vladislaus of Opole remained in contact with Krakow. During the 30 years (1363–1393), his itineranium mentions his presence in the city seven times. His visits were connected to political matters and economic affairs. When it comes to the former, the most important visits include his presence on the Krakow convention (1364), participation in the funeral of Casimir the Great and the coronation of his successor Louis I of Hungary in 1370 (then he was granted Wieluń as a fief), meetings with the regent Elizabeth Piast (1374, 1379) and Queen Jadwiga (1385). Vladislaus of Opole could not work out proper relations with the King Vladislaus Jagiello and in May 1389 (after meeting with the Polish monarch) he was accused of an attempt of taking over the Krakow castle. For a long time, Duke carried out financial operations with Krakow city councilors, borrowing money from them. There are a couple of records in the city bills that notify about sending money to Vladislaus of Opole and maintaining the messengers of the Duke that were sent to collect that money. Contacts of Vladislaus of Opole with Krakow stopped with the outburst of wars with the Kingdom of Poland (1391–1396). 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13366 Na pograniczu krakowsko-opolskim. Częstochowa pod rządami Władysława Opolczyka Laberschek, Jacek The first piece of information about Częstochowa dates back to 1220, that is the time when it was a small village located at the bottom of Jasna Góra on the edge of a settlement called Opole Mstowskie. Although thanks to the initiative of knights that ruled Częstochowa it became a parish village already before 1326, its development was slow because of its peripheral location near the border and, more importantly, the danger of brigand raids. A breakthrough in the development of Częstochowa occurred during the last years of the reign of Casimir III the Great and the rule of Duke Vladislaus of Opole in the years 1370–1391. King Casimir allowed incorporating the village under the German law in 1356 and after a few years proceeded with planting royal city Częstochowa near that settlement at the Warta River. After the death of the king, Duke Vladislaus of Opole took over the realization of this task, and finished it in 1377. The greatest merits of the Duke include bringing Pauline Fathers from Hungary and founding their monastery on Jasna Góra in 1382 as well as granting the monks with the paining of the Black Madonna two years later. Due to the fact that in that area of the Krakow land existed a large estate and significant endowment of the monastery of Canons Regular in Mstów, Duke Vladislaus had to make his donations to the Pauline Fathers from goods that were frequently far away from Częstochowa. Because of that, the endowment of the monastery was changed a couple of times and corrected by the Duke himself as well as by King Vladislaus Jagiello. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13365 Małe miasta przy granicy śląsko-małopolskiej w XIV w. Geneza – funkcje – warunki rozwoju Lisowicz, Dorota The article is devoted to the history of small towns incorporated in the 14th century that were located on the borderland of Silesia and Lesser Poland. It analyses four centres located in the so-called central area of the borderland – Będzin, Bieruń, Chrzanów and Mysłowice. The aim of the research is to point to any regularity connected with the creation and functioning of small towns in the specific area of the borderland as well as to show relations between these centres and larger cities such as Krakow or Opole. The development of a settlement of a municipal character in a particular place was influenced by a number of factors, including natural factors, the existence of a city or a market settlement in the neighbourhood, the vicinity of trade routes, fords, as well as the organization of local and regional routes. None of the discussed towns was created from scratch as there were traces of settlements from before the incorporation in their vicinity. The early establishment of the towns is additionally corroborated by information about parishes whose existence had been proved in all towns except from Bieruń since the beginning of the 14th century. Small towns played an important role in the economy of their regions as they satisfied the needs of their inhabitants, people from the adjacent villages and merchants travelling through the town. Moreover, the towns fulfilled a series of political, proprietary, and cultural functions in relation to the neighbouring settlements. One can notice some regularities and similarities in the origin, functions and conditions of developing small towns. These factors were not influenced in any major way by the fact that the towns were located at different sides of the border. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/13364 Rozwój struktur organizacyjnych Kościoła w księstwie opolskim w XIV wieku Kloch, Bogdan The primary framework of the organization of archpresbyterates in the Duchy of Opole was formed at the cusp of the 13th and 14th centuries and was based on the organization whose roots could be traced back to the first half of the 13th century (the structure of archdeaconry). It was favoured by the general conditions of developing the initial parish network, which included primarily churches that later on became centres of archpresbyterates, and of the newly-forming rural communes. The basis of this development was created by the local actions, settlement transformations as well as the increase of the prestige of the Church and the strengthening of its role in the life of an individual. The fast expansion of the parish network can be dated back to the cusp of the 13th and 14th centuries. Territorial divisions and separation of new duchies was probably sped up by these processes. However, rather incomplete sources, dispersion of the records and their infrequency create an image that is difficult to be unambiguously verified. Nevertheless, most of the records suggest that the 14th century should be recognized as the time when parish relationships were established. They shifted from quick development on the cusp of the 13th and 14th centuries to stabilization that underwent only minor transformations at the end of the century. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z