http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6049 2026-04-10T10:05:03Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6070 Prasowe pranie mózgu (na podstawie „Gazety Krakowskiej" 1949-1956) Chłosta-Sikorska, Agnieszka The brainwashing is known as a range of procedures that are targeted at changing human personality and his way of thinking. It is manipulation of human behaviour, that is ‘purposeful and secret action which imposes false imagination of certain reality on an individual or a group of people’. The manipulation is often coordinated by the state authorities, and educational, public and political organisations. Such manipulation was also used by the communist press, that was convincing people about the right actions made by the communist government with the input of ‘the big brother’, the Soviet Union. At first the press weakened the authority of those who were witch- hunted against, and then it diverted their supporters. The press manipulation stirred up hatred towards the enemy (the Church or, so called, profiteers), and fancy to certain people or ideology. It destroyed individuality, and deprived its readers of reliable information. The Cracow Newspaper, as the organ of the Polish United Party of Workers, showed the people’s satisfaction of the authorities actions, e.g. the passing of new constitution, the building of Nowa Huta - the perfect socialist town, the dissemination of socialistic realism, or, inversely, the alarm because of the actions made by priests or farmers, or a shortage of different products. The Cracow Newspaper also passed over different matters, or diverted people’s attention from disadvantageous affairs for the authorities. It was persuading its reader that the whole society is of the same opinion as the one expressed in its articles. Despite the historical changes, all those methods used by the communists did not disappear from our life. Nowadays such methods are used for the commercial and political purposes. Fighting against the manipulation is not easy. However when revealed manipulation disappears. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6069 Współczesne szkolnictwo łużyckie - nadzieje i zagrożenia Jaśkowiec, Dominik Lusatians - also called Serbianlusatians or Lusatian Serbs (Lusatian name: Sorbia, Sorbian People, German name: Wenden, Sorben) - are the smallest of Slavic nations (about 60-100 thousand people) who inhabit mainly the south-eastern regions of Federal Republic of Germany. Serbolusatian ethnic area comprises terrains along the Spree River, as far as Spreewald (the so-called Swamps). One can see it on the map of south-eastern Brandemburg, (Lower Lusatia) and eastern part of Saxony (Higher Lusatia). The first part of this publication briefly presents developments of Serbolusatian schooling from 16th century until the unification of Germany in 1991, with particular emphasis on educational policy of the German Democratic Republic towards this tiny Slavic nation. The second part presents problems and challenges of Serbolusatian social and cultural institutions at the beginning of the new millennium, as well as contemporary state of Serbolusatian schooling. Particular attention is paid to ‘Welcome’ educational programme and the dispute concerning Lusatian junior high school in Chróścice. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6068 Zakres długookresowego bezrobocia w powiecie żywieckim i metody jego ograniczania (1998-2001) Sawicki, Lucjan Process of constitutional transformation began in Poland in 1989 and brought about a lot of essential changes in people's life, especially in sphere of employment. Impetuous increasing number of unemployed in the beginning of transformation process made unemployment was one of the most important problem in reforming state. This publication shows characteristics and methods of limitation of long-term unemployment in administrative district of Żywiec in 1998-2001. This period of time was chosen because then the level of unemployment considerably increased. In 1998 unemployment was 9% and in 2001 - 14,3%. The publication contains questionnaire researches which made possible to obtain extra information about life situation and material status of the unemployed. Questionnaire researches was made by the author of this article what let unemployed to understand better the sense of questions because all doubts were immediately explained. Besides, “face-to-face” conversation with people without work provided a lot of additional information about their life. That information made this article more interesting and reliable. Study of living condition of unemployed make possible to prepare programmes of limitation of long-term unemployment and growing poverty among people without work. This programme should tend to occupational activation unemployed people on studing region. Especially it concerns people from villages who account for 54% of total unemployed. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6067 Rządowe programy informacyjne o Unii Europejskiej - refleksje politologiczne Stach, Łukasz Poland’s accession to the EU is a historic moment and was shown as an enormous chance by euroenthusiasts or as an almost satanic plot by eurosceptics. Discussion about the pros and cons of Poland’s accession to the EU showed the lack of informations about EU in Polish society, especially amongst farmers and small businesses, who should have been interested in that topic. Politicians taking part in this debate usually used negative or positive stereotypes about the EU. Real facts seemed irelevant and unimportant. The article shows the government’s efforts to change that situation. Officially presented an an “information campaign” it was depicted by eurosceptics as “cheap pro-EU propaganda”. The paper respond to this dilemma and, additionally, is a short summary of the government’s information campaign. The main emphasis is placed on the difference between pre-campaign plans and the final results. The presentation tries to show the real facts about the government campaign in an objective way. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z