http://hdl.handle.net/11716/4561 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:28:47 GMT 2026-04-09T00:28:47Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11745 Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie migracji w Polsce w ujęciu miast i gmin na przełomie XX i XXI wieku Nowotnik, Dariusz Total permanent migration in Poland at the turn of the 21st century was influenced by the political and economic events (economic transformation and the change of the political system in 1989, and accession to the European Union). Among the types of international migration, temporary emigration prevailed. Emigrants were usually aged between 18 and 39, and came mostly from urban areas. Until the year 2000, the prevailing direction in internal migration was the movement from rural to urban areas, and since then, a reversal of this trend has been observed. Positive net migration was recorded mainly in the suburbs of large cities and suburban municipalities. As a result of this trend, suburbanization and metropolization processes intensified in Poland. On the other hand, agricultural and peripheral areas, as well as smaller towns, have begun to lose their importance and are often characterized by a negative migration balance, as opposed to the suburban areas of the biggest cities in Poland. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11745 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11744 Ocena wykształcenia kompetencji przedmiotowych z geografii społeczno-gospodarczej a wybrane aspekty innowacyjności w edukacji i kształceniu nauczycieli Osuch, Wiktor Although Poland has gone through a period of many various trials regarding the introduction of different changes in the educational system (involving everything from types of schools, through levels of teaching, changes in curricula for each school subject, syllabuses and textbooks, to the modification of teaching aims and content for each subject), very little, in fact, has been done to promote the necessary remodelling of work that would ensure the shaping of a truly modern teacher. The author of this article has been conducting research on the development of subject specific and didactic competence of geography teacher trainees for over ten years. Personal and interpersonal competencies of graduates of higher education significantly affect their chances on the labour market. A profile of the graduate should also help potential employers choose competent employees. Information provided in the profile of the graduate enables employers to check whether during the course of studies the potential employee developed the desired skills. The author of this paper believes that acquisition of the appropriate competences by geography students – candidates for teachers – constitutes the most important element of professional training of future teachers, including geography teachers. The subject of the research presented in this paper is the evaluation of professional competence in the field of the socioeconomic system of the contemporary world. Research in this area should successfully contribute to the optimization of the teacher-training process, including geography teacher-training, and to the development of an effective and efficient model of teacher-training and competence acquisition. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11744 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11743 Evaluation of natural resources as a component of business greening Batsun, Natalia Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11743 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11742 Main issues concerning drinking water supply in the Angara River watershed Rush, Elena A. Main issues concerning drinking water supply in the Angara River watershed. Water supply for drinking and communal-general purposes plays an important role in every economy all over the world as water is not only widely used for people’s everyday purposes, but is also essential for people’s vital functions. The principle concerning the priorities of supplying drinking and communal water, stipulated in relevant norms and regulations, presumes that in the first place people should be provided with water according to the existing scientifically grounded health standards. At the same time, drinking water is only a part of natural water resources; thus, it is closely linked to the whole hydro-economic situation of the region, and the connection is one of interrelation and interdependence. The territory under consideration stretches from the source of the Angara River downwards to the city of Bratsk and constitutes the upper and middle sections of the river. The following features are typical of this territory: high level of urban development, high level of anthropogenic pressure on water resources, wide scope of water quality and quantity conditions; all of the above result in a difference in drinking water provision between the regions and communities. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/11742 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z