http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5860 Mon, 27 Apr 2026 11:49:13 GMT 2026-04-27T11:49:13Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5869 Ocena zakresu pamięci bezpośredniej Wrona, Leszek The paper proposes a method how to evaluate the range of direct memory and is a practical consequence of the author’s original concept of the class similarity and distance. The memory range coefficients are relative to the number of exposed elements. Due to the relativity and admissibility of arithmetic operations being used, the conclusions presented here can be quantitatively analysed. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5869 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5868 Dziecko i media : reklama w życiu dziecka Kielar-Turska, Maria The article presents the impact of television as a powerful medium upon the development of children and the youth. General access to television expressed by a child having their own tv set in their room, by the possibility to view a broad variety of channels and to easily switch from one channel to another makes researchers move their interests towards learning more about both developing and dangerous functions of the medium. Television delivers fresh information in an attractive form, provides models of social behaviour, educationally influences cognitive competence, compensates for lack of cultural and educational environment as well as is a source of entertainment On the other hand, it proposes models of inappropriate behaviour, leads one to losing his/her sense of reality, and persuades to lead a consumption lifestyle. Many a critical remarks are directed towards advertising. Research clearly shows that, in his contact with the medium, the child must not be left alone: a wise and open-minded adult should help the child in mastering the art of watching television. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5868 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5867 Przejawy przemocy wobec rówieśników postrzegane przez uczniów szkół podstawowych Kliś, Maria Nevertheless of a common opinion that bullying is simply a part of school experience some empirical data showed (Cole 1995, Marano 1995, Guetzole 1999) that leaving this kind of behaviour without any intervention may cause some long- and short-term negative consequences for both bullies and victims in their further life. The main aim of the study was to state whether and to which degree there are some symptoms of bullying perceived by Polish school-children. In a group of 257 5-grade and 6-grade pupils the range of this phenomenon has been studied, as well as the most often motives and forms of bullying and also the most often places where bullying is made. We were also interested in the characteristics of victims of such kind of pupils’ violence and in the forms of teachers’ intervention against bullying. The results showed that bullying is a serious problem in Polish primary schools and some efficient methods standing in opposition to such a form of pupils’ violence have to be elaborated. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5867 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5866 Deklarowane a realizowane zachowania prospołeczne dzieci sześcioletnich Rudkowska, Grażyna The aim of the research was to analyse the declared and subsequently realised prosocial behaviour in six-year-old children and to find a correlation between these variables. On the basis of tests on 180 children I concluded that both the kind of motivation for declared behaviour the child aseribes itself and the level of realised behaviour depend on their category - helping or sharing and object (an adult or child). This shows that six- yers-old children lack intersituational consistency in justifying and realising prosocial behaviour. Usually children more often declare actions for the benefit of others than they realise them, but this regularity is modified by the contents of the situation. Also the kind of motivation does not unambiguously define prosocial behaviour, since it is some situations that children who ascribe prosocial motives to themselves achieve a higher level of action for the benefit of others. This indicates the undertaking of prosocial behaviour by children. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/5866 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z