http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6980 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 10:07:36 GMT 2026-04-09T10:07:36Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6992 Heraklit. Fragmenty kosmologiczne, ontologiczne i epistemologiczne. Wersja literacka Mrówka, Kazimierz The article comprises translations of selected authentic fragments from Heraclitus’s work. In the recent translation of those fragments the emphasis is put on the literary aspect of language, which in the critical edition was restricted by methodological criteria. The presented form is not fundamentally distant from the version of the critical edition preserving the core meaning of the philosopher from Ephesus. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6992 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6991 Konflikt między teoriami a ich wartość poznawcza za Karlem R. Popperem oraz Thomasem S. Kuhnem Zweiffel, Maciej Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn do not seem to fundamentally differ in their evaluation of truthfulness of academic statements. The conflict apparently concerns the goal of science and its cumulative nature. In Kuhn’s historical reflection, ahistorical model of comparing theories which was proposed by Popper can be seen as simplification. Divergence between the two approaches can be seen through implementing Darwin’s theory as an interpretative model. Popper puts special emphasis on adjusting to the environment, whereas Kuhn on interspecies selection and specialisation. The former has a set of true statements and subsequent theories comprise it more and more. The most adjustable theory wins. However, you can adjust to the same environment in many ways, hence in place of accumulation appears the conflict of theories. It can be observed thus that studies of the two researchers complement each other. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6991 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6990 Eksplanacyjna wartość kategorii świadomości w interakcyjnym ujęciu relacji systemu społecznego i systemu kulturowego Karnat-Napieracz, Anna The article is an outline of the process of socialization in the context of a certain image of co-existence of the system of culture and the social system. Assuming the interactive nature of the relationship between these two systems, the author tries to show the importance that the category of conscience can attain for the recognition of the socialization processes. Participation of the man in the social world, which is treated in terms of mutual dependencies between the man and the culture (and culture and man), makes it possible to create from individual conscience a peculiar link between the world of created phenomena and the world of social constructs perceived as an objective world of structures and devices. Concentration of the effects of the socialization process in the individual conscience turns it simultaneously into a clash zone of co-existing cultural and social systems, which is apparent at all levels of socialization, beginning from the most elementary, subjective one and finishing with the global one. Subsequently, the article presents the issues of co-existence of the cultural and social systems, the core of the interaction between the two systems and the very notion of conscience as the central issue within the framework of cultural and social systems in which the socialization processes take place. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6990 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6989 Mit arkadyjski a (nie)możliwość powrotu do stanu "utraconej niewinności" Warmiński, Andrzej Arcadian myth occurs in the European culture in various forms. For example, it can express longing after life not affected by culture and civilisation (which is a tradition originating in Theocritus and Virgil), or on the contrary, critique of a simple uncomplicated existence in agreement with nature (Plautus, Pliny, Rabelais). There are many works of art expressing the Arcadian myth both in its positive and negative sense. The author thinks that some of them were and still are misinterpreted; they do not merely approve of nature and a possibility of return to it, but they also indicate impossibility of achieving the original condition of balance between the man and the nature, and reducing man to his primitive instincts, emotions, intuitions and drives. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11716/6989 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z