Verba dicendi wprowadzające mowę niezależną w "Panu Tadeuszu" (na przykładzie ks. VII)

Abstract

There exist various theories about the function performed by verba dicendi in the syntactic structure. The author of the present study adopted the meta-informative perspective. In the epic Pan Tadeusz the seventh book entitled Rada (The Council) includes most illustrative material and, although it is the shortest of all the books (553 verses), it is in its half a dialogue or even multilogue. 25 verb entries of the verba dicendi type occur 87 times in the text (most frequent ones are krzyknąć fr = 13 and rzec fr = 12). These verbs either report the process of encoding information (e.g. mówić, powiedzieć, ozwać się) or perform the transmitting and reporting function (e.g. krzyczeć, wykrzykiwać, brząknąć, pisnąć, wrzasnąć); they can also characterise the situation in the information transmission process (e.g. ciągnąć, prawić, przydać, kończyć) or exchange of information (e.g. prosić, odpowiedzieć, spytać, powtórzyć); finally they block information (przerwać). There also occur word groups with a noun, which are synonymous with reference to verbs (e.g. powstał krzyk, zabrał głos). The verb gadać (fr = 48), which is most characteristic of Mickiewicz in general and of Pan Tadeusz in particular, does not function as the introductory element of direct speech.