A crisis of contemporary democracy, long proclaimed by political analysts, and the growing discontent with its practice have given a stimulus for various remedial actions. One of these actions is the idea of deliberative ...

The origin of the local government in Bohemia and Moravia (approx. the area of the present Czech Republic) can be traced back to the mid-19th century. After World War I, the basic unit of local government in the then ...

The Polish People’s Republic can be divided into five basic stages of rebuilding the system of local government and administration, for which the boundary years were 1944, 1950, 1958, 1972 and 1983. The reforms carried ...

By the end of 1970s the villages’ self-governing system was very complicated. Its structure was made of several organizational forms which played different roles. Those institutions were divided into three main groups: ...