The picture of the battle of Grunwald presented in the Polish history textbooks, from those published during the partitions through the interwar textbooks to the post-war ones and those used after the educational reform ...

Despite the state control of political and intellectual life in Poland in the second post-war period, the society’s creative thought did not die. Various political thoughts, concepts and ideas were still intensively ...

The subject of the present analysis are speeches by Polish left-wing intellectuals, published in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the press and individual authors’ books on the political and sociological subjects. ...

The „Przyjaciółka” weekly used to have an almost monopolistic position among women’s magazines, which it shared only with the „Moda i Życie Praktyczne” monthly (from 1953 „Kobieta i Życie”). Like other titles in late ...

After 1989 in Poland, the only area of social life which did not experience major shock and rapid change was the Polish educational system. The new authorities, busy carrying out economic and then social reforms, did not ...

The main aim of the analysis is to identify and define the various trends of Catholicism in contemporary Poland, and demonstrate how these divisions are visible on the pages of the Catholic press in the context of ...

The aim of this article is an attempt at analysing the socio-political attitudes of the academic community in Krakow in the period from the lifting of martial law in July 1983 to December 1988. Across Poland, those were ...

Most urban settlements spread over the Iłżanka, the Kamienna and the Vistula Rivers, through the valleys of which ran local roads; some of them got situated at the main transit routes, crossing the middle of the described ...

The Szembek family descended from Germany and settled on the Polish lands in the 16th century. Its members were engaged in trade, banking business and mining. They also sat in the Krakow’s city council and belonged to ...