Obraz "totalnych" sąsiadów Polski w publicystyce Kazimierza Czapińskiego w latach 1931-1939

Abstract

In the 1930-ties Kazimierz Czapiński was one of the important figures in the Polish socialist movement and one of the most prominent socialist journalists. His scope of journalist interests widely encompassed topics about cultural and political issues. His focal area was the problem of the development of totalitarian tendencies of the two greatest Polish neighbours, namely Germany and the USSR. This problem was devoted much attention to in his texts and almost a hundred articles, both in daily press and periodicals with higher intellectual ambitions. In his publications, the author was strongly against any illusions about the possible fascist solutions to the capitalist world problems. He emphasized the fact that German nazi movement is a danger of the cultural regression of Europe and a certainty of a military conflict. In the evaluation of the USSR a definite evolution can be observed, from high opinion about the planned economy and the increase of the educational and cultural level, to a definite critical approach towards anti-democratic political trends and totalitarian tendencies in the social life. In spite of initial hesitation, K. Czapiński placed German fascism and Stalin communism on the same totalitarian platform.