Główne problemy liberalizacji przepływów kapitałowych w formie bezpośrednich inwestycji między Polską a Unią Europejską

Abstract

The Treaty of Poland’s Association with the European Community signed on December 1991 initiated the liberalisation process of the capital flow between Poland and the countries of the European Union. A number of existing limitations for the foreign capital were abolished, such as the obligation to receive permits for economic activity in selected fields by investors and limitations concerning the transfer of profit abroad. The result was an increase of direct foreign investments from the EU countries to Poland. Those investments were highly profitable economically, on the one hand, but on the other, they posed a threat to the local companies, which could not cope with the foreign competition; they also brought about the transfer of Polish enterprises and banks by foreign capital. On the basis of the conducted research, it should be concluded that in EU countries the liberalisation of the turnover of assets was carried on for about thirty years and was getting unconditional, conditional or recommended with reference to the capital category. The point was to eliminate potential danger of the flow of direct foreign investment. Certain limitations in the capital flow were still present in 1995 (example of Spain and Portugal).