Gospodarka zasobami wód podziemnych w gminie Czarny Dunajec na Podhalu

Abstract

Resources of underground waters in Czarny Dunajec gmina are great but spatially differentiated. Precipitation retention is greater (30%) in plain regions (Kotlina Orawska), smaller (10-15%) in plateau regions (Działy Orawskie, Pas Skalicowy and Pogórze Gubałowskie) – (fig. 1). Geological conditions of the base influence the amount of resources. Water reservoirs are in alluvia of talus cone of the Czarny Dunajec river and sandstone strata of the Podhale and Magura flysch. The talus cone is supplied with water mainly from rivers (fig. 3). Economic progress of the gmina was also reflected in water conditions regulations. There has been developed net of water-supplies since 1970 and majority of springs on slopes have undergone management. At present, most part 1500 wells on springs supply water to communal, joint-venture or individual water-supplies. The mostly branched water- supplies have been constructed at Czerwienne, Piekielnik, Czarny Dunajec and Chochołów. Majority of swampy areas have been drained. Nearly 2200 ha of arable lands, meadows and post-boggy areas have been dried up. The total length of ditches has exceeded 100 km. The most intensive drainage systems have been developed at Piekielnik, Czarny Dunajec and Stare Bystre villages (fig. 4). Those activities caused lowering of the ground water level of the Czarny Dunajec talus cone by nearly 1 m. Drainage of alluvial waters increased because of deepening of the river channel in the result of gravel exploitation. Further regulations of water conditions in the talus cone should take into consideration protection of the most extensive rised mires in the Carpathians.