Sposoby argumentowania (na przykładzie wykonań gimnazjalistów)

Abstract

In this paper different ways of argumentation were described. On the material of questionnaires filled up by pupils from some chosen grammar schools in the Lublin district it appeared that in inducing utterances young Poles use argumentation both based on natural evidences and subsequent to the form of presentation of selected contents. Motivating their attitudes present-day teenagers either refer willingly to authorities—well-known or commonly respectable people—or quote and remind the way someone from their nearest environment behaves. In inducing utterances there are also inductive examples that are external to the very subject, i.e. narrative, didactic, and comparative exempla as well as (both simple and complex) arguments usually referring to reason or to the receiver’s emotions. Significantly more rarely it is denying (or ‘against’) argumentation, more often it is motivating (or ‘for’) one. The mentioned types of impressive behaviour, if efficiently used in interpersonal communication, can enable to form a new opinion, to change the addressee’s attitude and to make his/her behaviour consistent with the sender’s expectations.