Polskie służby specjalne w latach 1983–1996. Wybrane aspekty

Abstract

Secret services are the field of interest of various circles whose evaluation is not always objective. Familiarizing with the direction of the activities, the tasks realized by the services, the structures or operative and exploratory activities in practice is always difficult as these activities are protected by the country under the pain of legal sanctions. In the process of realizing its functions, each country establishes institutions whose purpose is to protect the information needs that are necessary to pursue the policy in the sphere of the internal and external security of the country. The institutions include, among others, secret services that carry out intelligence and counterintelligence missions. The presented structural changes that took place in the years 1983-1996 show the evolution of the civil and military intelligence and counterintelligence service. In the years 1983–1990 civil services, i.e. Department I (intelligence service) and Department II (counterintelligence service) belonged to the structure of the Ministry of Interior. Military services, on the other hand, such as the 2nd Directorate of the General Staff of Polish Armed Forces (intelligence) and the Internal Military Service (counterintelligence) belonged to the structure of the Ministry of National Defence. System changes initiated by the debates of the Roundtable in 1989 also translated into the reorganization of the secret services. In consequence of those activities, after the dissolution of the abovementioned services created were: the Office for State Protection and the Military Information Services. The enumerated services realized their tasks in a complex internal and external situation that had a considerable influence on the performed tasks, possessed qualifications in the area of the realized operative and exploratory activities, and the organizational structures.