Ruchliwość przestrzenna mieszkańców wsi podhalańskich

Abstract

The paper presents the most important observations from researches on internal (home) migrations of village population in Podhale. The attention was directed mainly to directions of mobility; main tracks and their spatial reach were marked. It allowed to distinguish hermetic villages - those which show close connections with Podhale and villages more open for gaining immigrants from other regions. Village population of Podhale emigrated equally to towns and villages. Changes in migration directions have been observed for 15 years, these changes are consequences of changing conditions (barrier of labour and housing markets). Share of migrations to towns decreases, mobility among villages increases. Analysis of mobility directions for majority of Podhale villages confirmed that the greatest number of people migrate on short distances, significant is percentage share of immigrants from a village of the same administrative district, people from villages predominate. Some villages of that region, because of their attractive features, functions, location or sometimes traditions stray from the model. Small settlement units show very close connections with Podhale - they are mainly villages in suburban zones of Nowy Targ and on Spisz. Villages in the Gorce and in Rabka surroundings show weaker connections as to affluence. People affluence to touristic villages and to capitals of administrative districts was the smallest in Podhale. Those settlements point out wide reach of migrations outside home Voivodeship. Matrimonial factor is more frequent in causing migrations in villages. In Podhale, marriages among inhabitants from Podhale, from the same village or parish predominated. It points out great hermeticity of many villages what originates from historical and cultural traditions cultivated mainly in Orava and Spisz. Affluence of population to Podhale villages deepened feminization but as immigrants were young they played an important role in further demographic reproduction. Migrations to Podhale villages point out that there is a great degree of selectivity among affluent population which make exclusive population in village society. Migrations of exclusive character were common in the Tatra region and in Podhale administrative districts.