Emigracja zagraniczna na Podhalu w latach 1975-1988

Abstract

The paper presents size and directions of continuous foreign emigration from particular villages and towns of Podhale. Result of that process was taken into consideration as well. Size of foreign emigration in Podhale is still great and for majority of villages it was greater than loss caused by internal (home) emigrations. Numerous emigration of about 10% of population was noticed in villages of old emigrational traditions (e.g. Czarny Dunajec, Wróblówka, Białka, Gronków, Stare Bystre). The smallest intensity of emigration was noticed in villages in the Raba valley, in the southern part of Spisz and in Orava but the process has begun to increase for last years. Inhabitants of Podhale villages used to go to the USA (about 90%) but only a half of emigrants chose that country as a place of settlement. Other emigrants left for other European countries but tracks of emigration led also to Africa, Asia and South America. Collection of migrants was differentiated what appeared in their socio- -professional and demographic features. In towns individual departures mainly of women predominated. That group in comparison to emigrants from villages was characterized by higher level of qualifications; nearly half of them were secondary school graduates and there were many graduates of colleges and universities as well. On areas of continuous and strong emigrational processes more frequent were departures with all familes. People leaving villages were younger than those from towns. Emigration was the commonest among the most productive employees, quality loss was greater in villages whereas towns lost more qualified workers.