Dorzecze Żebrówki jako przykład stosunków wodnych na pograniczu Wyżyny Częstochowskiej i Niecki Nidziańskiej

Abstract

The Zebrówka Basin is a hydrographic peculiarity of the borderland between the Częstochowa Upland and the Nida Trough in view of its strikingly rare surface network and the interrelation occurring between this phenomenon and soil waters. Our investigation has permitted to distinguish several distinct hydrogeological regions. Jurassic waters are to be found in the post-crevice and Karssted calcites. The main horizon occurs at a depth down to 65 m. Above it there are two more shallow horizons appearing periodically, upon over-banked marl in plate calcite and rock rubble interspersed with clays. Soil waters occurring in sandstones and in the alb and cenomam sands interconnect with crevice waters in Jurassic measures. In the Cretaceous senon measures the horizon from where men derive water, lies at depth from 6 to 30 m. Over it periodically occur horizons upon clay-and-marl over-bankings. At about 50 m there is a reservoir of sub-Artesian water. The temperature of Jurassic waters is about 8°C and does not vary, of Cretaceous waters — from 7 to 9°C. Alluvial waters in the valley bottom have physical features dependent on outside conditions. Their mirror is shallow and subject to considerable oscillations. The water horizon in Jurassic and Cretaceous measures has slight oscillations, up to 2 meters. For several decades now the horizon of soil water in the Basin was slowly decreasing. This results in the gradual dying out of the upper portion of the Zebrówka Basin and a characteristic drying out of the permanent surface network as well as a keenly felt water deficiency in the dry season.