Synonimika i wieloznaczność przyimków we współczesnym języku rosyjskim na materiale powieści K. Simonowa "Żywi i martwi"

Abstract

The article consists of an introductory part and of two chapters. The introduction supplies general information on prepositions and their synonymy, with a table presenting the different prepositional functions. In the first chapter, devoted to synonymy, the author analyses prepositions performing spacial, temporal, and causal functions. The prepositions are grouped in pairs and series. The grouped prepositions are mutually in simple opposition, i.e. they differ from one another by one feature of lexical meaning only. The analysis of each group of prepositions ends up with a table where prepositions with a given meaning are summarily compared. Both the analysis and the table draw a distinction between primary and derived prepositions. In the second part of her article the author presents the respective functions of prepositions with many meanings and one meaning, stressing the fact that it is the primary prepositions which possess the largest number of meanings, whereas derived prepositions have usually but one meaning. It is only the group of adverbial prepositions, most closely related to primary ones, that have two meanings each. Analysing the collected material the author also emphasizes that primary prepositions have no lexical meaning by themselves: that is why she has concerned herself with, the meaning of whole prepositional phrases. The paper has been intended as an analysis of the function of prepositions, as a discussion of their synonymy and ambiguity with a simultaneous differentiation between primary and derived prepositions.