| dc.description.abstract | In the paper surnames derived from names of mammals (both domestic and wild ones), birds (both domestic and wild
ones), and insects were discussed. The author conducted etymological and formative analysis of 181 surnames. On
the basis of the list it is noticeable that most surnames of all are derived from names of animals living in the
nearest surroundings of humans, i.e. domestic and forest ones, e.g. baram/a ram, wilk/a wolf, gąsior/a gander.
Surnames referring to the nature world are often metaphorical expressions connected with physical and psychical
features of an owner of a surname. It is so in case of such names like caban (a bird species), kobyła/a mare,
dzik/a wild boar. The most numerous group includes secondary surnames - there are 114 of them, on the other hand
there were 67 surnames in basic forms. To the most productive formatives belong the following ones: -ski/-cki and
-ek, -ik/-czyk, -ak/-'ak. The least productive formatives are as follows: -as, -uś, -oś, -isz, -osz, -oń, - ‘ec,
-uta, -ta, -ny, -a, - ‘a. In the analyzed material there were also noticeable different twofold forms that make
formative and phonetic variants of surnames, e.g. variants of vowels, the pronunciation of Mazovians. a reduction
of a consonant group, a hypercorrect disintegration of nasal vowels, and others. | en_EN |
