Wyrazy nacechowane ekspresywnie we współczesnych ludowych przyśpiewkach weselnych z powiatu jarosławskiego

Abstract

The subject of a linguistic analysis the author made is expressive vocabulary occurring in contemporary wedding songs performed at the villages Piwoda and Hawłowice in the Jarosław District. Songs from Piwoda were written down by one of village women and then given to the author while songs from the other village the author had gathered herself. Results of observations show that expressively characterized vocabulary is a dichotomous collection of diminutive and hypocoristic as well as indecent, "rude" words. Positively valuing diminutives and baby-talk refer almost only to a bride and a bridegroom who are called only with use of clearly meliorative hypocoristic words, e.g. Kasia, Kasieńka, Jaś, Jasieniu, Jasieniek. In songs addressed to people performing certain functions at a wedding party, that is to say to bridesmaids, groomsmen, wedding-hosts, and wedding-hostesses, diminutive and hypocoristic words appear very rarely and using them in contexts of the whole songs do not introduce pure meliorativeness, caressing disposition that result from the structure of a derivation. Manifestations of expressiveness of such words are first of all irony and humour connected with using them. In analyzed songs the repertoire of vulgarisms is not rich. It is composed of not numerous systemic vulgarisms characterized to different degrees. From words commonly recognized to be vulgar, e.g. dupa/an arse, morda/a phizog, (na)srać to shit (on sth), to these recognized to be very vulgar, e.g. piczka/a fur burger. Little variety of proper vulgarisms goes together with comparatively high frequency of them in songs (it refers especially to the vulgarisms dupa and (na)srać), which intensify an impression of considerable saturation texts with linguistic items of this type. Beside proper vulgarisms also reference-customary ones appear in songs. Such vulgarisms are taboo words only when they refer to physiological functions, e.g .fujarka, ptaszek, kogutek (all of them meaning a penis). In the analyzed songs vulgar, transgressing socially accepted cultural conventions expressions also appear, e.g. zrobić dziecko, to get sb pregnant. Among expressively characterized linguistic items used by authors of wedding songs there are also offensive, similar to nick-names names of addressees of songs, especially of groomsmen, e.g. dureń/a fool, cap/a tomfool. A popular way of getting pejorative character in wedding songs is also transferring a name of a part of an animal's body to a man. It refers mainly to human mouth called pysk/a muzzle or gęba/a gob. Using expressively characterized, more or less conventional, cultural vocabulary is therefore subordinated first of all to making the atmosphere of having a good time, joy and humour that should be a characteristic of a successful wedding party.