The reforms of The Commission of National Education could not save the statehood of the Republic of Poland, but they contributed to the modern education of many Poles. People drew from its heritage throughout the 19th ...

In the western Voivodeship of Malopolska Province of the former medieval network of parochial schools in urban and rural areas was one of the most developed in the entire Noble Republic of Poland. Destruction and ...

Born in Cracow, Andrzej Badurski after his studies in Italy, returned to his hometown where he became Professor and Dean at Cracow University. There he reformed the Medical Faculty and accomplished the work of his life ...

Polish communists, while implementing a new educational system in Poland, referred to the so-called progressive traditions of history of Polish education. They were convincing the society that transformations in upbringing ...

The authors have made an attempt to disclose and explain hidden yet extremely important conditions and factors implying processes of emergence and functioning of the power elite. On the basis of available data, they try ...

The Modem Turkish state has been created since 1923. After the First World War, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and has been actually divided between foreign powers. According to Sevres Treaty, its territories were to remain ...

The dilemma of choosing a direction of .future development faced by Russia, both in the political context as well as in the sense of the contemporary political events, still remains unresolved. There are many reasons ...

Walka informacyjna wspierająca uczestników kooperacji pozytywnej i negatywnej, zajmuje znaczącą pozycję wśród innych walk. Na szczególną uwagę zasługują jej cechy, co czyni ją szczególnie niebezpieczną. Jest prowadzona w ...