Stosunek polskiej powojennej opozycji politycznej do pojęcia rewolucji i zmian rewolucyjnych : analiza zawartości tekstów tzw. drugiego obiegu (1977-1989)

Abstract

The object of the analysis is the use of the word revolution in the propaganda of the political opposition during 1977-1989. The underground circulation, which was the forum of expression for the authors connected with the illegal organisations of that period, published many works containing reflections about social and political change. Thus, both in large publications and in the periodicals, the concept of revolution appeared in theoretical, historic and strictly propaganda and projection contexts. In the first case, interesting publications were reprints of books by well-known foreign and emigrant authors whose publishing was banned. Historic interest of publishers and authors of the secondary circulation centred around the core and political implications of the bolshevic revolution and around the problems connected with the birth of the Polish post-war system of power. From a certain time perspective, it was considered to what extent „Solidarity” was a revolutionary movement, and to what extent it was a reform one, and whether the Polish mass social protests of 1980 created a chance to change the system radically. The program sense of the publications concerning the current methods of political struggle, however, distinguished the streams of the opposition groups before and after the martial law. Though it is also noticeable, that the debate concerning social values and the criticism of the communist ideology, which could be identified in the publications of the underground circulation, restored the values of the great social revolutions. The social and political practice was criticised, and it was demonstrated that freedom was in fact captivity, the slogan of equality was unrealistic and under communist system it changed into unfair egalitarianism, and results in emergence of a new class of owners (party bureaucracy). The brotherhood associated with internationalism contradicted the national interests, and therefore, it is more attractive to emphasize reconstruction of the fundamental bonds and solidarity in the social relations, and promotion of sovereignty in international relations.