Międzynarodówka Komunistyczna (1919-1943)

Abstract

The outbreak of the World War I inaugurated a split in international workers’ movement. The different attitudes towards the war were reasons of a clash between respective Social Democratic Parties while the Second International which was to unite these parties became a delusion. In October 1914 Lenin postulated the establishing of a new proletarian International. Favourable conditions for this emerged as a result of the victory of socialist revolution in Russia, of the revolutionary ferments in numerous countries, and the appearance of communist parties in many countries of Europe, Asia, and America. An appeal of the eight communist or labour parties to 39 revolutionary organizations and groups on the 24th of January 1919 became a starting- point for the convocation of the Founders’ Congress. The First Congress took place in Moscow on the 2nd-6th of March 1919. Then the establishing of the Communist International (otherwise called the Third International or Comintern) was proclaimed. It was to become a world party divided into sections corresponding to the respective countries and playing the part of the centralized headquarters of world revolution. The new International under Lenin’s leadership broke with the Social Democratic tradition, and the ideology of reformism. Integrating the adherents of revolution and proletariate dictatorship it proclaimed the victory of communism all the world over as the final aim of the workers’ movement. Lenin was an initiator, promotor, creator of the program and leader of Comintern. The Second Congress was the most important from the point of view of the program, tactical, and organizing principles. It proclaimed among others 21 conditions of the admission to Comintern. These made an accession to Comintern impossible for the parties and organizations which did not accept the principles of revolutionary Marxism. During the Third Congress the Communist International summoned all the proletarians notwithstanding their party or organization membership to make a uniform front of the working classes. The Sixth Congress proclaimed the program, and the new version of the statute. The Seventh Congress in 1935 played the decisive part in the activity of Comintern. The uniform Popular Front was proclaimed then and new principles of the strategy, and. tactics of international workers’ movement were worked out. The Communist International was dissolved on the 10th of June 1943.