Niebezpieczne związki. Antykomunizm, antyamerykanizm, tożsamość narodowa i rusofila w działalności i ideologii francuskiego Frontu Narodowego z antysemityzmem w tle

Abstract

The French National Front was formed in 1972-1973 as a result of structural and ideological changes in the extreme antiliberal right wing. It was an electoral emanation of the neo-nazi organization New Order. In the 1980s National Front led by Jean-Marie Le Pen occupied a significant position on the French political stage. The party was distinctly anticommunistic in character. Due to the adoption of ideology of the so-called new right wing an Alain de Benoist group, after the communist block fall the question of French national identity came into importance. Said identity was threatened by globalistic tendencies and immigrant influx particularly from Maghreb countries. Criticizing the USA as world’s capitalistic center and promoting demagogic slogans allowed the National Front to claim voters of communist party and to aim at rising above the division into left and right wing. In such circumstances Putin’s Russia became the Front’s most significant support. Adoption of the so-called euro- Asian vision of uniting Europe solidified this relationship. Marine Le Pen’s growing influence caused the ideological modernization through the so-called de-devilment of the Front, i.e. the rejection of anti-Semitic and racist slogans. The creation of the mainstream political parties “republican barrier” successfully prevents the Front from gaining a more important say in state government.