| dc.description.abstract | The Spanish liberalism, in particular the ten-year period of moderate liberals’ rule (moderados),
known as ”the Moderate Decade” (década moderada, 1844-1854), was characterized by
a number of contradictions affecting nearly all aspects of life, including the system of
government. Spain at that time, weakened by the incessant struggles for power, appears as
a post-absolutist state, which retained many elements of the old order, but at the same time
maintained the appearances of introducing elements typical of the new liberal order.
Election forgery was the most serious ”ulcer” that troubled the Spanish liberal monarchy,
as it brought further negative consequences that led to widening the gap between the
theory, included in the 1845 Constitution and its supplementing acts, and the practice of
governing. The dissonance between the public opinion and its representation in the Cortes,
formed as a result of falsified elections, perfectly accounts for the troubled course of the long
developmental process of Spanish liberalism. Clearly, Moderados could not deal with the
synthesis of two completely different systems, i.e. the ancien régime and the liberal revolution.
They spoke much of the new order, but only created appearances of introducing it, being too
deeply rooted in the old system.
Falsifying the election results was a violence of the constitutional equality of all citizens. It must
be borne in mind, however, that Isabella’s monarchy had to face a range of other paradoxes,
such as frequent suspension of the Cortes sessions and shortening its term of office, rapid
cabinet changes (between 1843-1854 there were as many as sixteen governments), fictitious
power of Isabella II, who gave in to the pressure from various groups of influence, violating
the freedom of speech and press, or disregarding private property. The reality created by
Moderados was thus a denial of the existing laws. Yet it was the only probable course of
events, since such a situation was to serve the realization of the politics of particular factions
inside the Moderate Party, not the realization of national politics. | en_EN |
