From the end of the 17th century until 1914, Poles were being sent into exile to Siberia, first as prisoners of war, then as political prisoners of the Tsar’s Russia for fighting for independence. After serving their ...

In the second half of the 19th century, the ongoing process of modernization of the European economy also reached the agriculture in Poland. Mechanization, modern methods of cultivation and of breeding animals, financing ...

Already at the beginning of independence, a conviction was formed at the top of the military hierarchy of the Second Polish Republic that the equipment of the army should be based on native production. The idea was ...

In the interwar period, “Ludwików” Steelworks was the biggest metalworking facility in Kielce that, apart from civil articles, also produced goods for the army, such as filed kitchens, combat helmets made of nickel-molybdenum ...

In the years of the Second Polish Republic, the Volyn province, as an agricultural region, had good conditions for the development of the agricultural and food industry. At the beginning of the 1930s, the province was ...

Shaping of the political and military alliance between France and Poland in the interwar period had a cyclic character. Initially, the relations were close. French companies engaged themselves financially in the development ...

History textbooks from the first years after the war did not provide an extensive analysis of the economic policy of the Second Polish Republic. Reflections on this topic constituted only a small portion of the authors’ ...

Cracow played an important role in the development of sport in Poland. Sport associations and clubs not only propagated sport but also influenced urbanization processes. The first sports facilities in Cracow were built ...

Small towns were a common phenomenon in the interwar Poland. By fulfilling the specific role of links between the industrial city and rural countryside, they added some colour to the social interactions and stamped their ...