From the end of the 17th century until 1914, Poles were being sent into exile to Siberia, first as prisoners of war, then as political prisoners of the Tsar’s Russia for fighting for independence. After serving their ...

In the second half of the 19th century, the ongoing process of modernization of the European economy also reached the agriculture in Poland. Mechanization, modern methods of cultivation and of breeding animals, financing ...

History textbooks from the first years after the war did not provide an extensive analysis of the economic policy of the Second Polish Republic. Reflections on this topic constituted only a small portion of the authors’ ...

The state-financed “Polska Gospodarcza” (1930–1939) presented the official stand on the issue of state intervention into the economy. During almost 10 years during which the bi-weekly newspaper was published, only a few ...

In the interwar period, “Ludwików” Steelworks was the biggest metalworking facility in Kielce that, apart from civil articles, also produced goods for the army, such as filed kitchens, combat helmets made of nickel-molybdenum ...

Economy and society of the Świętokrzyski region constituted and still constitute the subject of research interests of many historians, sociologists, economists, ethnographers, and geologists. However, until now, there ...

The article characterizes the conditions in which the well-know shoe company from Czechoslovakia – later on a world potentate in this trade – the “Bata” concern had to function. The first part of the article discusses ...

Shaping of the political and military alliance between France and Poland in the interwar period had a cyclic character. Initially, the relations were close. French companies engaged themselves financially in the development ...

The article discusses the urban settlement patterns in the upper Vistula region and their changes in the years 1857–2009. The detailed analysis concerns the period from the beginning of forming the basis of industrialization ...