Nauczycielskie i uczniowskie trzeba (to zrobić) na lekcjach języka polskiego (w szkole podstawowej i w gimnazjum)

Abstract

Utterances including modal predicates trzeba i należy ("it ought to should be done") differ from sentences including powinien ("one ought to/should do") in lack of an index of personal subject. Activities the sentences express may refer to subjects with a large quantifier, e.g. trzeba należy mówić prawdę ("the truth ought to should be told"); they may also refer to subjects that are more or less clearly shown in context: trzeba to powiedzieć (w tym momencie) — "it ought to/should be told (at this moment)" understood as giving some advice (directive) and not as a piece of information on an existing state of reality. An obvious preference of perfect forms of infinitives in dictum position (trzeba to zrobić - "it ought to should be done") in sentence and performative contexts, in structures with deontic modality is connected with the situation of a teacher involved in running didactic activities, making advices and rules which are presented as his/her own postulates that express his/her axiological standpoint.