W kręgu podręcznika obudowanego dydaktycznie

Abstract

The importance of the didactic cover of a manual of literature for the pupils of high schools is closely connected with the acceptance of a given didactic conception of a manual. This favours a change in the gravity centre of Polish studies from the associative strategy to the searching, inquiring one. A manual with a didactic cover integrates essential contents with a rich equipment of didactic devices. A mobile manual consisting of texts which direct the reading, incorporated into the principal one, may belong to such devices. It provides the pupils with a greater than hitherto possibility to exercise and improve their receptive capacities and linguistic skills. According to the author's proposal, every directing text includes a logical chain of mutually connected instructions of conduct, questions, and orders, i.e. exercises, as well as the necessary amount of essential knowledge. A separate text - a segment is included in a complex of directing texts united by a common analytic- and-interpretative idea. Such a system consisting of several variants takes into consideration a manysided attitude towards a given work as well as the differentiation of pupils. Comparatistic actions on directing texts which have been carried out in the paper demonstrate both analogies and differences between them and: 1) "labour cards" used in C. Freinet's school as well as by R. Dottrens and his associates at school in Mail, 2) "directed work" applied in contemporary French schools, 3) heuristic commentaries to literary works popular in Polish schools in interwar period, 4) modern programmed teaching. The above reflexions reveal the principal features of individualized texts directing the reading and the principles of their model construction.