Irlandia

Abstract

The article discusses the modern system of local government of the Republic of Ireland. Under the provision of the Local Government Act of 2001, Ireland is divided into thirty-four areas (29 county councils and 5 city councils). Together, they cover the entire land area and population of the state. This structure is completed by 5 borough councils and 75 town councils. In addition, Ireland is divided into 8 regions and 2 Regional Assemblies. However, these authorities act only as the coordinators of the regional and European policy. Legislative and executive power can be distinguished in every local unit (except for the regional ones). The former belongs to the local council and the mayor, whereas the latter to the manager. In addition to providing a forum for local decision making, local authorities are also responsible for the provision of a number of key services, e.g. housing and building, road transportation and safety, water supply and sewerage, development incentives and control (planning), environmental protection, recreation and amenity, agriculture, education, health service and welfare. Some of the local tasks are also implemented by central agencies and other independent bodies. The local government in Ireland is thought to be among the most centralized ones in Europe. However, last years have revealed some reforming tendencies. In 1991, the traditional ultra vires rule was abolished and local authorities gained the competence for acting in the interest of the local community. In 1997, Ireland signed the European Charter of Local Self-Government, and finally in 1999, after the referendum, the Constitution was amended with article 28A, concerning local authorities. Recently the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, responsible for local authorities, has also undertaken other actions to increase public participation in the local governance process. Nevertheless, the centralized tendencies can be still observed in local finances and the local government management system.