The article is an attempt at applying the ideas of A. Giddens, a British sociologist, in educational research. The core of his structuration theory is the reality of encounter, in a multidimensional approach. For Giddens, ...

The article concerns the question whether teaching can be a profession. In Polish, such wording of the problem seems artificial, since the words: profession, occupation, trade, are treated as synonyms. Therefore the ...

In the course of the educational reform, external examination was introduced to schools, yet school-internal grading was also retained. The achievements of a school-leaving pupil are characterised by the school-leaving ...

Stress – an extremely complex phenomenon – is a subject of many scientific investigations, conducted on the background of philosophy, psychology, sociology, social politics and natural sciences. Their theoretical bases ...