Akademickie a szkolne czytanie tekstu literackiego (zróżnicowanie potrzeb i możliwości badacza i ucznia jako odbiorców)

Abstract

The concept of reading is understood differently by the academic researchers and by the psychoeducators who deal with the praxeology of organizing the school process of acquiring reading skills. For the literary experts, a literary piece is an object of versatile and diverse, often selective research. For a student, a literary text (treated as a whole together with a complex language organization) should be a source of knowledge about the mankind, life, world, and culture, while reading the belles-lettres, and reaching a full understanding of it, is an irreplaceable educative and educational process. For a young reader, knowledge of a literary work involves an ability to accurately reproduce the world presented in the text, awareness of its language organization (a multi-level meaning structure), and seizure of the main concept, idea, or problem. Reading is a component receiving operation of the speech act, it is a complex neurophysiological and psycholinguistic structure (involving eye perception, identifying language signs, and the process of comprehension; there is no reading without comprehension). Comprehension is reached in a long process of versatile text association and its multiple processing. Unfortunately, in the contemporary Polish school, the learning of reading literary texts does not take place. Nowadays school experiences difficult times, as the students’ sense of identity has been taken away; teachers’ preparation is not sufficiently content-related and is not psychoeducationally suitable to teach instructively, functionally and according to a plan. “Polish language”, once the main general education subject, established by many humanities, has been converted into an “education of Polish language literature”, with a false concept of popularizing academic Polish, doing harm to the moulding of student’s humanity and to his preparation for his wise and dignified future life in the impetuously developing world.